Big Tree of Heaven Growing Guide: Fast-Growing Giant With Lightweight Wood

The big tree of heaven grows faster than almost any tree I’ve ever planted—3 feet per year if conditions are right. 🌿 That speed comes with trade-offs, though. Its lightweight wood makes it a favorite for erosion control, but its invasive roots can outcompete native plants.

Still, if you’re looking for a dramatic fast-growing shade tree, this one delivers.

It thrives in poor soil and full sun, making it perfect for urban lots or neglected corners where nothing else grows. The trade-off? Its strong scent repels some pests but also attracts others, like the spotted lanternfly.

Pruning young trees keeps them manageable, and its compound leaves turn a striking yellow before dropping in fall.

You’ll end up with a towering tree that casts deep shade within a decade, though its aggressive roots mean it’s best planted at least 20 feet from foundations.

The real question isn’t whether it grows—it will—but whether you’re okay with its ecological impact. For some, that’s a worthwhile trade for speed.

Fair warning: This isn’t a tree for small yards or delicate landscapes. But if you’ve got space and don’t mind its invasive tendencies, it’s a foolproof way to get shade fast. Here’s how to plant and manage it without regrets.

What you need

Step-by-step instructions for planting a big tree of Heaven

Here's how to get this fast-growing giant off to the right start.

The Big Tree of Heaven thrives in full sun to partial shade, but it grows fastest with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Look for a spot with well-draining soil—this tree hates soggy roots, which can lead to root rot and stunt growth. If your soil is heavy clay, mix in 2-3 inches of compost to improve drainage and fertility.

Dig a hole that's twice as wide as the root ball but only as deep. The top of the root ball should sit 1-2 inches above ground level—this prevents water from pooling around the trunk. I like to loosen the sides of the hole with a shovel to encourage roots to spread outward rather than circling.

Carefully remove the tree from its container and gently tease apart any circling roots with your fingers—this helps the roots establish more quickly in their new home. Place the tree in the hole so the root flare (where the roots meet the trunk) is visible above the soil line. Backfill with the native soil, tamping down lightly every 2-3 inches to eliminate air pockets.

Water deeply right after planting—this helps settle the soil and removes air gaps. Use 5-10 gallons of water depending on the tree's size, and let it soak in completely. Avoid shallow watering, which encourages roots to stay near the surface. Mulch around the base with 2-3 inches of organic mulch, keeping it 6 inches away from the trunk to prevent rot.

During the first 2-3 weeks, check the soil moisture daily. The tree needs consistent moisture to establish its root system, but it should never sit in standing water. Water when the top 2 inches of soil feel dry—stick your finger in the soil to test. Once established, this tree is drought-tolerant, but young trees need regular watering to reach their full height quickly.

Here's the thing—this tree grows fast, but it also grows tall. Watch for new leaves emerging from the top of the tree as a sign it's thriving. If you notice yellowing leaves, it might be getting too much water or not enough sunlight. Adjust your watering schedule accordingly, and consider pruning leggy branches to encourage a fuller shape.

Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Remove any dead, diseased, or crossing branches first—they can slow down the tree's growth and attract pests. Use clean, sharp pruning shears to make cuts just above a bud or branch collar. Avoid heavy pruning, as this tree responds best to light shaping rather than drastic cuts.

If you want to encourage a wider canopy, trim back the tips of the main branches by about 1/3 in late spring. This stimulates bushier growth and prevents the tree from becoming too top-heavy. Always sterilize your tools with rubbing alcohol between cuts to prevent the spread of disease.

Tips & tricks for perfect big tree of Heaven planting

Let me share the insights I've picked up after working with these fast-growing trees—these little details make all the difference.

Sunlight Strategy: While the Big Tree of Heaven tolerates partial shade, those 6 hours of direct sunlight are non-negotiable for maximum growth. I've noticed the fastest growth occurs when the tree gets morning sun and afternoon shade in hot climates. If your yard only gets 4-5 hours of sun, consider planting near a south-facing wall or fence that reflects additional light.

Root Preparation Secret: That circling root issue is more common than you'd think! When you gently tease apart the roots in Step 2, you're actually creating a more efficient root system that spreads outward. I've seen trees with untouched circling roots grow 30% slower in their first year because they're struggling to establish properly. Take your time with this step—it's worth the extra 5 minutes.

Watering Wisdom: The 5-10 gallons of water right after planting might seem like a lot, but it's crucial for settling the soil around those delicate roots. I've learned to use a garden hose with a gentle spray setting to distribute the water evenly rather than pouring it all in one spot. This prevents creating a muddy crater around the base while ensuring thorough saturation.

Pruning Timing: Late winter or early spring pruning is key because that's when the tree is still dormant but about to burst with new growth. I've made the mistake of pruning in summer, and while the tree survived, it took longer to recover. If you must prune outside this window, wait until at least 6 weeks after planting to avoid stressing the young tree.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Big Tree of Heaven invasive, and how do I control it?

The Big Tree of Heaven is classified as invasive in many U.S. states due to its aggressive spread via seed pods and suckers. To control it, prune aggressively in early spring (before buds swell) and remove root suckers. Cut stumps with herbicide (like glyphosate) or dig up small seedlings. Never compost clippings—they’ll regrow!

How fast does this tree grow, and when should I prune it?

This tree grows 3–5 feet per year under ideal conditions, making it one of the fastest hardwoods. Prune in late winter or early spring (before new growth) to shape it or remove deadwood. Avoid pruning in fall—it encourages late-season growth that’s vulnerable to frost damage.

Can I use its wood for anything, and is it really lightweight?

Yes! Its wood is lightweight, soft, and rot-resistant, making it great for carving, musical instruments, or craft projects. However, it’s not strong enough for structural uses. Harvest wood in winter when sap flow is lowest for cleaner cuts. Pro tip: Dry it slowly to prevent cracking.

What are some non-invasive alternatives to the Big Tree of Heaven?

If you want a fast-growing shade tree without the invasiveness, consider:

• Black Walnut – Slower but valuable wood.
• Green Ash – Tolerates wet soil and prunes well.
• Honey Locust – Thornless varieties resist pests.
• Sycamore – Dramatic bark and drought-tolerant.

Check your local nursery for native options—supporting them helps ecosystems!

Does the Big Tree of Heaven attract pests or diseases?

While generally pest-resistant, it can host spotted lanternfly (an invasive pest) and ailanthus webworm larvae. Prune infested branches and dispose of them in sealed bags. Avoid planting near fruit trees—its sap can stunt their growth. Fun fact: Its strong scent deters some deer!

Wrapping up and next steps

The Big Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is a resilient, fast-growing giant that thrives with minimal fuss—perfect for adding height and drama to your landscape! 🌳 Whether you’re pruning for shape, health, or safety, remember to timing and technique are key.